Julian, this is a complicated question but we aren't going to get any closer to the truth by quoting something that was said by a Boris Johnson government.What we do know for sure is that the government did make Sadiq Khan increase the scope and rate of the Congestion Charge (as opposed to the ULEZ) as a condition of its financial settlement.It was also made plain, aggressively so under Johnson and Gilligan, that TfL would have to increase revenue generation as the government would not be fully covering the decline in revenues for transport in London (unlike for every city elsewhere in the UK). The government has covered its tracks better on the ULEZ than the Congestion Charge presenting it as Khan's decision but do you really think if he scrapped the expansion and asked the government to cover the shortfall, they would say yes? Hence my use of the phrase 'baked in'.From what I hear from people closer to these matters, Johnson and Gilligan were determined to use the situation to force the Mayor to scrap a range of popular policies such as the Fare Freeze, the Night Tube and make him take unpopular measures such as Freedom Pass restrictions, higher fares and increased Congestion and ULEZ charges. The Sunak administration doesn't seem interested in such games and quickly granted a longer term funding deal to give a bit of stability for the system.What I can't say is whether or not Khan is a true believer in ULEZ expansion. I somehow doubt it as it is such a self-evidently bad idea the only redeeming feature of which is that revenue raised will go to public transport. Perhaps he sees it as providing infrastructure for the eventual introduction of road pricing which will be both fairer and more effective in reducing emissions.
Jeremy Parkinson ● 1341d